{"id":24222,"date":"2023-05-26T08:47:07","date_gmt":"2023-05-26T14:47:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/?p=24222"},"modified":"2024-02-26T10:45:31","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T17:45:31","slug":"crash-investigation-mapping-tools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/crash-investigation-mapping-tools\/","title":{"rendered":"Crash Investigation: 7 Reconstruction Tools"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Crash investigation and reconstruction professionals do not have it easy.<\/strong> Not only are forensic measurements themselves open to full scrutiny by courts, but appealing to a jury usually means visualizing the data through Computer-Aided Design (CAD) programs. As advanced as modern CAD programs may be, they are still only as good as the data they receive.<\/p>\n<p>Optimizing time consumption and personnel use can be important elements that don&#8217;t show up on forensics reports. There can also be x-factors to work around, like weather and time of day, which is especially true with outdoor scene mapping. Troublesome as these aspects may be, it is important to <strong>make sure that nothing gets in the way of quality data collection. <\/strong>Building a versatile and diverse crash and crime reconstruction toolkit is one of the best ways to adhere to this rule.<\/p>\n<h2>Pros and Cons of 7 Different Crash Investigation and Reconstruction Tools<\/h2>\n<p>There is a wide range of tools available to crash investigation and reconstruction professionals.\u00a0 Everyone has their favorites, but <strong>there is no single tool that remains perfect for every single mapping situation.<\/strong> Understanding the pros and cons that come with each option, from traditional tape measures to our <a href=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/trupulse-series\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TruPulse laser rangefinders<\/a> and even highly sophisticated 3-D total stations, is a tool in itself. In that spirit, this article argues that crash and crime reconstruction professionals should adopt the phrase &#8220;the more tools, the better,&#8221; and aims to tell you why, one tool at a time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Here is a breakdown of seven different options that can help boost your crash investigation and reconstruction toolkit&#8217;s versatility:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>1) Tape Measures and Measuring Wheels<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_24246\" style=\"width: 435px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24246\" class=\" wp-image-24246\" src=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tape-Measure-960x660.jpeg\" alt=\"Tape measures are no longer the best tool for crash and crime mapping, but they still have benefits to offer.\" width=\"425\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tape-Measure-960x660.jpeg 960w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tape-Measure-1920x1319.jpeg 1920w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tape-Measure-480x330.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tape-Measure-768x528.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tape-Measure-1536x1055.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Tape-Measure-2048x1407.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-24246\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tape measures are no longer the best tool for crash investigation and mapping, but they still have benefits to offer.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #da291c;\">This is one of your traditional measurement methods. Use an expandable and physically marked tape to measure distances between two points.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Cons<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Time-consuming &amp; tedious<\/li>\n<li>Difficult over long ranges<\/li>\n<li>Requires more personnel to cover larger areas<\/li>\n<li>Requires manual entry into records<\/li>\n<li>Requires a straight line between points A and B<\/li>\n<li>Un-flat surfaces and curbs can inflate distances recorded by measuring wheels<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Pros:<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_24838\" style=\"width: 232px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24838\" class=\"wp-image-24838\" src=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Measuring-Wheel-Road-Tire-Skid-Marks-Crash-Reconstruction-Mapping-571x960.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"222\" height=\"373\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-24838\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Measuring wheels can come in handy, though non-flat surfaces and curbs can cause inaccurate distance measurements<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Very low cost<\/li>\n<li>Useful for quick &amp; short-range measurements<\/li>\n<li>Can achieve a millimeter accuracy<\/li>\n<li>Tape measures are handy for scaling<\/li>\n<li>Works as a backup when electronic tech fails<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Verdict:<\/h5>\n<p><em>Keep a tape measure or two readily available whenever crash or crime mapping is needed. Do not use it to map your whole scene, especially if animation is a goal. Still, it can come in handy more than you might expect, it remains a great option for short-range measurements and device calibration routines.<\/em><\/p>\n<h5>Resources for you:<\/h5>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ehow.com\/list_6735942_advantages-disadvantages-tape-measures.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Advantages and Disadvantages of Tape Measures<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.realsimple.com\/best-tape-measures-7106731\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The 6 Best Tape Measures of 2023<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Close-RangePhotogrammetry\">2) Close-Range Photogrammetry<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #da291c;\">This classic and simple method of documentation includes taking multiple photographs of the scene from ground level and using known measurements to determine proper scaling and other mathematic information.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_24268\" style=\"width: 408px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24268\" class=\"wp-image-24268\" src=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ground-Level-Crime-Scene-960x540.jpeg\" alt=\"Ground level photogrammetry is a simple method of crash and crime documentation that functions best as a visual complement to more detailed reports.\" width=\"398\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ground-Level-Crime-Scene-960x540.jpeg 960w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ground-Level-Crime-Scene-1920x1080.jpeg 1920w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ground-Level-Crime-Scene-480x270.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ground-Level-Crime-Scene-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ground-Level-Crime-Scene-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ground-Level-Crime-Scene-2048x1152.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-24268\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ground-level photogrammetry is a simple method of crash investigation that functions best as a visual complement to more detailed reports.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cons:<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Can be difficult to achieve high accuracy<\/li>\n<li>Requires proper use and knowledge of cameras<\/li>\n<li>Not recommended as a primary source, limited reliability in court settings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Pros:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Great tool for older cases where the scene has since changed<\/li>\n<li>Works well for complementary backup documentation and as a simplified visual aid<\/li>\n<li>Relatively quick and easy to perform<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Verdict:<\/h5>\n<p><em>Why not? Although this is quickly being replaced by drone-based aerial photogrammetry, if the situation allows for ground-based photogrammetry, it cannot hurt to include the practice with your other, more sophisticated mapping and reconstruction methods.<\/em><\/p>\n<h5>Resources for you:<\/h5>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/lumenandforge.com\/photogrammetry-history-and-modern-uses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Photogrammetry \u2013 History and Modern Uses<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.takeoffpros.com\/2020\/06\/16\/what-is-photogrammetry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is Photogrammetry?<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/conference-proceedings-of-spie\/8085\/1\/Practical-target-location-and-accuracy-indicator-in-digital-close-range\/10.1117\/12.887971.short?SSO=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Practical Target Location and Accuracy Indicator in Digital Close-Range Photogrammetry Using Consumer-Grade Cameras<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"TruPulse\">3) Laser Tech (LTI) TruPulse Laser Rangefinders<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #da291c;\">These electronic devices use eye-safe reflectorless lidar technology to gather angle and distance measurements from a single, sighted target at a time. Integrate laser rangefinders with GNSS technology to include offset positioning functionality.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_24291\" style=\"width: 338px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24291\" class=\"wp-image-24291 \" src=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/TruPulse-200x-laser-rangefinder-mapStar-TruAngle-Crash-and-Crime-Mapping-Kit-702x960.jpg\" alt=\"Crash and crime mapping with Laser Tech (LTI) laser rangefinders is one of the simplest methods that maintain primary source accuracy while integrating into other datasets with ease.\" width=\"328\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/TruPulse-200x-laser-rangefinder-mapStar-TruAngle-Crash-and-Crime-Mapping-Kit-702x960.jpg 702w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/TruPulse-200x-laser-rangefinder-mapStar-TruAngle-Crash-and-Crime-Mapping-Kit-1404x1920.jpg 1404w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/TruPulse-200x-laser-rangefinder-mapStar-TruAngle-Crash-and-Crime-Mapping-Kit-351x480.jpg 351w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/TruPulse-200x-laser-rangefinder-mapStar-TruAngle-Crash-and-Crime-Mapping-Kit-768x1050.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/TruPulse-200x-laser-rangefinder-mapStar-TruAngle-Crash-and-Crime-Mapping-Kit-1123x1536.jpg 1123w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/TruPulse-200x-laser-rangefinder-mapStar-TruAngle-Crash-and-Crime-Mapping-Kit-1498x2048.jpg 1498w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/TruPulse-200x-laser-rangefinder-mapStar-TruAngle-Crash-and-Crime-Mapping-Kit.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-24291\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crash investigation and mapping with Laser Tech (LTI) laser rangefinders is one of the simplest methods that maintain primary source accuracy while integrating into other datasets with ease.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Cons:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>No wired connections from laser to tablet or mobile device<\/li>\n<li>Only measures to target surfaces<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Pros<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Can achieve accuracy within \u00b1 4 cm (1.6 in)<\/li>\n<li>About \u00bc the cost of traditional total stations<\/li>\n<li>Easy to learn and teach to others<\/li>\n<li>No annual maintenance fees on hardware or software<\/li>\n<li>Conveniently sized yet compact, robust, and weatherproof<\/li>\n<li>Quick setup, start shooting your scene within 5 minutes<\/li>\n<li>Pairs with apps specifically designed for crash &amp; crime mapping<\/li>\n<li>Single-user, point-per-shot operation welcomes annotation with every measurement<\/li>\n<li>Various file outputs are ready for emailing directly from the device<\/li>\n<li>Great for integrating with drones, especially concerning ground control points<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Verdict:<\/h5>\n<p><em>Mapping with <a href=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/trupulse-series\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TruPulse laser rangefinders<\/a>, especially within specifically designed crash and crime reconstruction software like <a href=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/product\/quickmap-3d-mapping-software\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LaserSoft QuickMap 3D<\/a>, is an easy way to create accurate point-based datasets that can easily integrate into and enhance another method&#8217;s findings or function as primary sources on their own.<\/em><\/p>\n<h5>Resources for you:<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/the-dos-and-donts-of-mapping-time-and-life-saving-tips\/\">The Do&#8217;s and Don&#8217;t of Mapping: Life-Saving Tips<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/revolutionizing-crash-reconstruction-with-drones-and-lasers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Revolutionizing Crash Reconstruction with Drones and Lasers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/trupulse-200-series-height-measurement-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TruPulse 200 Series Heigh Measurement Accuracies<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.police1.com\/police-products\/crime-scene-investigation\/videos\/crash-mapping-made-easy-laser-tech-RaQkH1c70YHAaYBE\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crash Mapping Made Easy<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Drones\">4) Drones (Aerial Photogrammetry)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #da291c;\">These typically small and portable aerial devices continue to grow in popularity and functionality every day, advancing the practice of aerial photogrammetry to the forefront of crash investigation and reconstruction. Use a pre-programmed flight plan or free flight via remote control to gather photos from above with metadata &amp; GPS info included.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_24297\" style=\"width: 301px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24297\" class=\"wp-image-24297\" src=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Police-Drone-for-Crash-and-Crime-mapping-702x960.jpg\" alt=\"Drones offer a time-efficient and versatile method of capturing crash and crime mapping data via aerial photogrammetry.\" width=\"291\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Police-Drone-for-Crash-and-Crime-mapping-702x960.jpg 702w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Police-Drone-for-Crash-and-Crime-mapping-1404x1920.jpg 1404w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Police-Drone-for-Crash-and-Crime-mapping-351x480.jpg 351w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Police-Drone-for-Crash-and-Crime-mapping-768x1050.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Police-Drone-for-Crash-and-Crime-mapping-1123x1536.jpg 1123w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Police-Drone-for-Crash-and-Crime-mapping-1498x2048.jpg 1498w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Police-Drone-for-Crash-and-Crime-mapping.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 291px) 100vw, 291px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-24297\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drones offer a time-efficient and versatile method of capturing crash investigation data via aerial photogrammetry.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Cons:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Requires permits, licenses, FAA rule &amp; regulation adherence<\/li>\n<li>Can be limited based on weather, though more expensive models can handle worse weather<\/li>\n<li>Can require software subscriptions to create point clouds that provide legitimacy to drone-based photogrammetry for court purposes<\/li>\n<li>Nighttime and dark lighting conditions can cause issues<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Pros:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Time efficient<\/li>\n<li>Remote operation, single user<\/li>\n<li>Works well with ground-based measurements, combining both for best accuracy &amp; versatile (potentially 3D) point clouds<\/li>\n<li>Typically integrates very well with other tools<\/li>\n<li>Can be used as a standalone mapping tool<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Verdict:<\/h5>\n<p><em>There are many reasons why nearly every crash investigation team has drones in their arsenal, between the speed at which a fairly large scene can be captured with high detail, the ability to pre-plan flight paths for autonomous completion, and the integration-ready nature of the photogrammetry data, the question isn&#8217;t so much &#8220;are drones right for me?&#8221; as it is &#8220;which drone is right for me?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<h5>Resources for you:<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/drone-mapping-webinar-aerial-and-ground-measurements\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drone Mapping Webinar: Aerial and Ground Measurements<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/visionaerial.com\/best-camera-for-photogrammetry\/\">How to Choose the Best Camera for Photogrammetry<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.popularmechanics.com\/technology\/gadgets\/g32209219\/top-drones\/?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=cpc&amp;utm_campaign=arb_ga_pop_d_em_comm_lft_us_g32209219&amp;gclid=CjwKCAjwge2iBhBBEiwAfXDBR85_84zINrwCP9DFBjJYKXmUao577PX1sc1W6GrYr6veBymaU0QFrhoCl_cQAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The 13 Best Drones You Can Buy in 2023<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"TotalStations\">5) Reflectorless\/Mechanical Total Stations<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #da291c;\">Very similar to their robotic alternatives, these electronic devices capture exceptionally accurate angle and distance measurements, but they require a second operator to physically occupy an asset&#8217;s location and hold a prism for the instrument to target in on.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Cons:<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_24248\" style=\"width: 249px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24248\" class=\" wp-image-24248\" src=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reflectorless-Total-Station-with-Prism-Holder-702x960.jpg\" alt=\"Reflectorless total stations achieve very high accuracy, much like their more expensive robotic alternatives, but require two operators.\" width=\"239\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reflectorless-Total-Station-with-Prism-Holder-702x960.jpg 702w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reflectorless-Total-Station-with-Prism-Holder-1404x1920.jpg 1404w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reflectorless-Total-Station-with-Prism-Holder-351x480.jpg 351w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reflectorless-Total-Station-with-Prism-Holder-768x1050.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reflectorless-Total-Station-with-Prism-Holder-1123x1536.jpg 1123w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reflectorless-Total-Station-with-Prism-Holder-1498x2048.jpg 1498w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reflectorless-Total-Station-with-Prism-Holder.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 239px) 100vw, 239px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-24248\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reflectorless total stations achieve very high accuracy, much like their more expensive robotic alternatives, but require two operators.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Requires at least two operators (one to operate the station, one to hold the prism pole at data collection points)<\/li>\n<li>Typically records measurements only<\/li>\n<li>Setup can be time-consuming<\/li>\n<li>Bulky &amp; heavy<\/li>\n<li>Sensitive nature requires somewhat delicate transport<\/li>\n<li>Operation can be difficult to learn and teach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Pros:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Less expensive than robotic alternative<\/li>\n<li>Achieves exceptionally high accuracy, with survey-grade total stations offering the best accuracy<\/li>\n<li>Weatherproof<\/li>\n<li>Can create output files ready for 3D rendering<\/li>\n<li>Output file versatility means easy integration with other data sets and easy importing into CAD and CADD programs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Verdict:<\/h5>\n<p><em>If you can&#8217;t afford a robotic total station but still want exceptional accuracy, and have the personnel for two-person operation, look no further than reflectorless robotic stations!<\/em><\/p>\n<h5>Resources for you:<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fieldtech.trimble.com\/resources\/blog-ftg\/mechanical-vs-robotic-layout-is-a-robotic-total-station-really-worth-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mechanical vs. Robotic Layout: Is a Robotic Total Station Really Worth It?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/leica-geosystems.com\/products\/total-stations\/robotic-total-stations\/leica-ts13\/how-to-pick-the-right-total-station\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From Manual to Automated Surveying: How to Pick the Right Total Station<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quinnequipment.com\/ultimate-buyers-guide-to-total-station\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Ultimate Buyers Guide to Total Stations<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"RoboticTotalStations\">6) Robotic Total Stations<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #da291c;\">These electronic instruments use optic positioning to measure vertical angles, horizontal angles, and distances from the instrument to visual targets and can be remotely operated by a single user while achieving some of the highest accuracy available.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Cons:<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_24247\" style=\"width: 261px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24247\" class=\" wp-image-24247\" src=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Robotic-Total-Station-Single-Operator-686x960.jpeg\" alt=\"Robotic total stations are very expensive but offer exceptional accuracy to crash and crime mapping professionals with only one operator required.\" width=\"251\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Robotic-Total-Station-Single-Operator-686x960.jpeg 686w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Robotic-Total-Station-Single-Operator-1371x1920.jpeg 1371w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Robotic-Total-Station-Single-Operator-343x480.jpeg 343w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Robotic-Total-Station-Single-Operator-768x1076.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Robotic-Total-Station-Single-Operator-1097x1536.jpeg 1097w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Robotic-Total-Station-Single-Operator-1462x2048.jpeg 1462w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Robotic-Total-Station-Single-Operator.jpeg 1828w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-24247\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robotic total stations are very expensive but offer exceptional accuracy to crash investigation and mapping professionals.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Very expensive<\/li>\n<li>Typically records measurements only, without notes or comprehensive report-making available within the station itself<\/li>\n<li>Setup can be time-consuming<\/li>\n<li>Bulky &amp; heavy<\/li>\n<li>Sensitive nature requires somewhat delicate transport<\/li>\n<li>Operation can be difficult to learn and teach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Pros:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Achieves very high accuracy<\/li>\n<li>Single operator<\/li>\n<li>Weatherproof<\/li>\n<li>Can create output files ready for 3D rendering<\/li>\n<li>Output file versatility means easy integration with other data sets and importing into CAD and CADD programs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Verdict:<\/h5>\n<p><em>If you can afford it, adding a robotic total station to your crash investigation and reconstruction toolkit is a no-brainer. The output versatility and accuracy achieved during data point collection are often considered to be worth the price.<\/em><\/p>\n<h5>Resources for you:<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bontena.com\/articles\/Best-Total-Station-Brands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Best Total Station Brands<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bimplus.co.uk\/how-do-robotic-total-stations-work\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How do robotic total stations work?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tigersupplies.com\/HowtobuyaRoboticTotalStation\/productguide.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Everything you need to know about Robotic Total Stations<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3DLaserScanners\">7) 3D Laser Scanners<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #da291c;\">These electronic devices capture and render an environment and its features as three-dimensional visual objects.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_24249\" style=\"width: 338px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24249\" class=\"wp-image-24249 \" src=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/3D-Laser-Scanner-702x960.jpg\" alt=\"3D laser scanners represent the most technologically advanced, and most expensive, option available to crash and crime mapping professionals.\" width=\"328\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/3D-Laser-Scanner-702x960.jpg 702w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/3D-Laser-Scanner-1404x1920.jpg 1404w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/3D-Laser-Scanner-351x480.jpg 351w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/3D-Laser-Scanner-768x1050.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/3D-Laser-Scanner-1123x1536.jpg 1123w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/3D-Laser-Scanner-1498x2048.jpg 1498w, https:\/\/lasertech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/3D-Laser-Scanner.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-24249\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">3D laser scanners represent the most technologically advanced, and most expensive, option available to crash investigation and reconstruction professionals.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Cons:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>By far the most expensive option (very high initial station cost, plus initial software cost, software update costs, maintenance\/calibration costs, training courses costs, data storage\/high RAM computer costs, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Arguably the hardest tool to learn &amp; teach<\/li>\n<li>Often requires courses to become certified<\/li>\n<li>Requires clear POV during the scan<\/li>\n<li>Visual interruptions can cause issues with renderings, creating some visual noise<\/li>\n<li>Produces massive file sizes that require more powerful computers for data processing<\/li>\n<li>Depending on scanner quality, scans can be time-consuming, and crash or crime scenes can change before all scans are done, especially thanks to weather changes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Pros<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Takes millions of points for 2-D and 3-D rendering, to generate truly amazing visuals<\/li>\n<li>Output imagery includes highly accurate measurement data<\/li>\n<li>Scans can be\u00a0<em>very easily<\/em>\u00a0imported into animation generation software<\/li>\n<li>Single user operation<\/li>\n<li>Creates the most complete and court-ready output files in various formats<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Verdict:<\/h5>\n<p><em>If you can afford it, 3D laser scanners are top-of-the-line and capable of generating amazingly detailed and accurate renderings of crash and crime scenes.<\/em><\/p>\n<h5>Resources for you:<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.truepointscanning.com\/what-are-the-benefits-of-3d-laser-scanning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Are The Benefits Of 3D Laser Scanning<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.creaform3d.com\/blog\/3d-laser-scanners-a-buyers-guide-for-professionals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3D Laser Scanners: A Buyer&#8217;s Guide for Professionals<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/software\/3d-scanning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Top 3D Scanning Software Options of 2023<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Why Diversify Your Crash Investigation and Reconstruction Toolkit?<\/h2>\n<p>There are many reasons to keep your crash and crime mapping toolkit diverse and full of options. For one, there is the ability to integrate multiple data collection methods into one comprehensive report. This not only verifies your findings but opens up different angles, literally, for data analysis. Aside from this, you want to stay prepared for different situations.<\/p>\n<p>In a perfect world, crash investigation and reconstruction professionals would be able to bring all their tools to every scene, but this is not realistic. More often than not, each scene&#8217;s unique situation will need to be weighed against your available tools and personnel. With this general rule in mind, the more options you have, the better.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Crash investigation and reconstruction professionals do not have it easy. Not only are forensic measurements themselves open to full scrutiny by courts, but appealing to a jury usually means visualizing the data through Computer-Aided Design (CAD) programs. As advanced as modern CAD programs may be, they are still only as good as the data they\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":24233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[393,182,391,392,387,389,170,171,172,386,390,160,419,399,385,388,417,418],"class_list":["post-24222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-traffic-safety","tag-crash-analysis","tag-crash-and-crime-mapping","tag-crash-investigation","tag-crash-investigation-mapping","tag-crash-mapping","tag-crash-mapping-tools","tag-crash-scene-investigation","tag-crash-scene-mapping-kits","tag-crash-scene-reconstruction","tag-crime-mapping","tag-crime-mapping-tools","tag-crime-scene-mapping","tag-documenting-crash-scenes","tag-ground-control-points","tag-incident-mapping","tag-photogrammetry","tag-vehicle-crash-analysis","tag-vehicle-crash-reconstruction"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - 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